What are the two families of keratins?

The correct answer identifies the two families of keratins as Acidic and Basic. Keratins are a type of fibrous protein, primarily found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. They play a crucial role in providing structural support and resilience to these tissues.

You can think of keratins as being classified into two main categories based on their isoelectric points, which relate to the pH levels at which the proteins bear no net electrical charge. Acidic keratins typically have a lower isoelectric point (more negative charge) and are found in various epithelial tissues. Basic keratins, on the other hand, exhibit higher isoelectric points and play a key role in hair follicles and other structures. This classification also aligns with the composition of keratin fibers, where acidic keratins complement basic keratins to form the more complex structures seen in hair and skin.

Understanding the specific characteristics of acidic and basic keratins helps in appreciating their functional diversity in different tissues, allowing for insights into the biological roles they play in the integumentary system.