Washington Master Esthetics Practice Exam

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What is the middle layer of the pericardium known as?

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Epicardium
Endocardium

The correct answer is: Serous pericardium

The middle layer of the pericardium is known as the serous pericardium. This layer consists of two sub-layers: the parietal layer, which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium, and the visceral layer, which is directly attached to the heart muscle (myocardium). The serous pericardium plays a crucial role in providing lubrication to reduce friction as the heart beats, facilitating smooth movement during the cardiac cycle. In contrast, the fibrous pericardium is the outer layer that provides structural support and protects the heart. The epicardium serves as the outer layer of the heart itself, while the endocardium lines the interior chambers of the heart. Therefore, the correct identification of the middle layer of the pericardium as the serous pericardium highlights its important function in heart protection and function.